![]() ![]() Please note, we do not recommend using normative data in place of a control group. Please contact us to discuss your normative data requirements. Outcome measures cover span length (the longest sequence successfully recalled), errors, number of attempts and latency (speed of response). The number of boxes in the sequence increases from two at the start of the test, to nine at the end and the sequence and colour are varied through the test. The participant must then select the boxes which changed colour in the same order that they were displayed by the computer (for the forward variant) or in the reverse order (for backward variant). White squares are shown on the screen, some of which briefly change colour in a variable sequence. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Spatial Span assesses visuospatial working memory capacity. The results are suggestive of a breakdown in the maintenance of information in working memory in terms of chunking it appears that ecstasy/polydrug users are as able as non-ecstasy users to form memory ‘chunks’ from the items, but that such chunks are not retained as effectively. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.The results of the present study provide further support for updating deficits in ecstasy-polydrug users. Three of these were due to impaired recall of earlier serial positions.ConclusionsThe results of the present study provide further support for updating deficits in ecstasy-polydrug users. Three of these were due to impaired recall of earlier serial positions.Ecstasy-polydrug users were impaired in four out of the six sub-sample analyses. For the Backward Digit Span, the sequence had to be typed in reverse order. For the Forward Digit Span, the sequence had to be typed in as it was originally presented. Then, the final digit was removed and the participant had to type in the sequence. Participants were categorised according to letter and spatial span (four, five or six), producing six sub-samples for analysis.ResultsEcstasy-polydrug users were impaired in four out of the six sub-sample analyses. Each digit was presented at the center of the screen for 1 s. Participants were categorised according to letter and spatial span (four, five or six), producing six sub-samples for analysis.Seventy-three ecstasy/polydrug users and seventy-three non-ecstasy users completed tasks of verbal and spatial memory running memory, recalling the most recent items, in lists of varying and unknown length. The Digit Span subtest from the WISC-IV ( Wechsler, 2003) consists of two parts: Digit Span Forward and Digit Span Backward. The present study sought to determine if ecstasy-related deficits in memory updating are related to serial position of items presented, or length of the list of items.MethodSeventy-three ecstasy/polydrug users and seventy-three non-ecstasy users completed tasks of verbal and spatial memory running memory, recalling the most recent items, in lists of varying and unknown length. Less is known about the precise nature of such deficits. Repeat the sequence of numbers shown during the test. Digit Span Instructions A popular working memory test that is used in many cognitive and neuroscience research labs. You can also increase the span of digits displayed to increase test challenge. The updating component appears to be particularly susceptible. Choose Forward or Reverse (backwards) for each test. The present study sought to determine if ecstasy-related deficits in memory updating are related to serial position of items presented, or length of the list of items.Research shows that users of ecstasy (MDMA) exhibit deficits in executive processes. ![]() The updating component appears to be particularly susceptible. AimsResearch shows that users of ecstasy (MDMA) exhibit deficits in executive processes. ![]()
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